The oenology is the monitoring of grapes and their growths on the vine from the wine creation to its bottling.

The oenologist is usually said to be the wine doctor. He has to identify through stringent analyses the edges and defaults of the tasted wines.
He monitors the transformation of the grape juice into wine and pays special attention to the fermentation temperature.

The malo-lactic fermentation is the transformation of the malic acid into lactic acid. Its success will give its roundness and suppleness to the wine. Soon, new technologies like the nuclear magnetic resonance will allow to check the accurate year and the possible mixing of wines from different regions.